The thyroid may be small, but it plays a huge role in your body. Located just above your collarbone, this butterfly-shaped gland controls essential functions like metabolism, breathing, weight, and cholesterol levels. When thyroid problems strike, they can seriously affect how your body operates. Though both men and women experience thyroid disorders, men tend to show different signs of thyroid trouble.
Underactive Thyroid (Hypothyroidism) in Men
Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones. This slow metabolism can impact every part of the body, leading to a range of frustrating symptoms.
Common symptoms include:
- Feeling depressed or down
- Gaining weight unexpectedly
- Fatigue that doesn’t go away
- Constipation
- Forgetfulness or trouble focusing
- Dry skin and brittle nails
- Loss of interest in sex or trouble with erections
One study found a clear link between hypothyroidism and erectile dysfunction (ED). Men with low thyroid hormone levels scored significantly lower on the erectile function test compared to men with normal thyroid function. If you’ve been feeling off in these ways, it could be time to get checked out.
How is it diagnosed?
The best way to diagnose hypothyroidism is through a TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test. This measures how well your thyroid is working. If your thyroid hormone levels are low, you’ll need hormone replacement therapy for the rest of your life. Luckily, this treatment is effective, and with the right medication, many men can get back to feeling like themselves again.
Overactive Thyroid (Hyperthyroidism) in Men
On the flip side, an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can cause rapid heartbeats, weight changes, and even mood swings. If your thyroid is working overtime, it can be tough to feel in control of your own body.
Common symptoms include:
- Unexplained weight loss – Even if you’re eating more than usual, you might still lose weight because your metabolism is speeding up.
- Anxiety and mood swings – Hyperthyroidism can make you feel irritable, anxious, or even panicked.
- Irregular heartbeats – A racing heart can make you feel short of breath, and if not addressed, this can lead to more serious heart issues.
- Skin problems – Dry, rashy skin, or even acne, may appear as your thyroid goes haywire.
Some men also experience swelling around the neck (goiter) or more frequent bowel movements, sometimes leading to diarrhea. The tricky thing about hyperthyroidism is that symptoms often build up slowly, making it harder to catch early on. Keep an eye on any sudden changes like weight shifts, heart palpitations, or discomfort in the neck area.
How is it treated?
If you’re diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, don’t worry—there are treatment options available that can help you regain control. Medications to block the thyroid’s hormone production, radioactive iodine treatment to shrink the thyroid, and even surgery to remove part of the gland may be necessary, depending on how severe the problem is.
Other Thyroid Problems Men May Face
While hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the most common issues, men can also experience other thyroid disorders, such as:
- Thyroiditis
This condition occurs when the thyroid becomes inflamed due to an autoimmune response, medications, or infections. Depending on the speed of damage to thyroid cells, symptoms can resemble those of hyperthyroidism (weight loss, anxiety) or hypothyroidism (muscle weakness, fatigue). Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, and treatment varies based on the underlying cause. You may need hormone replacement therapy, anti-thyroid medications, or anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen. - Goiter
A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. While usually painless, it can cause difficulty swallowing, breathing, or even hoarseness. Common causes include iodine deficiency, thyroiditis, or thyroid cancer. Treatment focuses on managing the thyroid hormone imbalance, often through medication to shrink the goiter and suppress hormone production. - Thyroid Cancer
Although rare, thyroid cancer is a serious condition that requires immediate attention. It’s often hereditary and can be triggered by exposure to radiation. Symptoms include swelling in the neck, difficulty breathing, or hoarseness. Treatment may involve surgery, radioactive iodine, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.
Final Thoughts
Thyroid issues in men can affect everything from your energy levels to your mood and even your sex drive. If you notice any concerning symptoms, it’s crucial to see your doctor for testing. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve your quality of life. So, don’t ignore the signs—your thyroid health matters!