33Drugs Pharmacy Advisor

Refill prescription

Tag: male infertility

  • Semen Analysis

    Semen Analysis

    Semen is the whitish fluid containing sperm that’s released by the male during ejaculation. A semen analysis is a medical test that examines the sperm in this fluid, focusing on key factors like the sperm count, shape, and how well they move. Typically, the test involves two or three samples, with results averaged to give an accurate picture of sperm health.

    When Is a Semen Analysis Necessary?

    A semen analysis is often the go-to test when a couple is struggling with fertility issues. This test helps to figure out if the man’s sperm are healthy enough to conceive and can also point to the possible causes of infertility, such as a low sperm count or poor sperm mobility. It can even help in determining if there’s any dysfunction in the sperm itself.

    Additionally, it’s an important part of post-vasectomy checks. If a man has had a vasectomy, the semen analysis confirms whether the procedure worked by showing whether any sperm are still present in the semen sample.

    How Should You Prepare for a Semen Analysis?

    If you’ve been asked to get a semen analysis, following these simple guidelines will help you get the most accurate results. First, it’s important that the semen sample is between 24 to 72 hours old. This means no ejaculation for 1 to 3 days before your test.

    To ensure the test isn’t influenced by outside factors, avoid alcohol, caffeine, and recreational drugs like cocaine or marijuana for about 2 to 5 days before the test. You should also stop taking any herbal supplements, such as St. John’s Wort or Echinacea, beforehand. Be sure to discuss your medical history and any medications you’re on with your doctor. And, if you’re on hormone treatments, it’s best to pause them before the analysis for the most accurate results.

    How Is the Semen Analysis Performed?

    The first step of the semen analysis procedure is collecting a semen sample. This can usually be done by ejaculation into a clean cup, either at your doctor’s office or, in some cases, at home. Your doctor will then analyze the sample to assess sperm health.

    Collecting the Sample

    There are a few ways to collect a semen sample, and it’s important to choose a method that works best for you. The most common method is by masturbation, where the semen is directed into a clean cup. Be sure to avoid using any lubricants, as they could contaminate the sample or even kill the sperm.

    Alternatively, some men may use a method called “withdrawal” during sex, where the man pulls out just before ejaculation, collecting the semen in a cup. This method is typically used when testing after a vasectomy to ensure no sperm is present, but it’s not recommended for infertility testing.

    Another option is using a condom (make sure it’s free from spermicide and other additives). Some clinics even provide these special condoms to avoid contaminating the sample. After ejaculation, seal the condom and place it in the collection cup.

    The Process

    Typically, you will need to provide two or three separate semen samples within a three-month period to get a good sense of your sperm health. If you’re testing after a vasectomy, it’s usually done 6 weeks after the procedure to ensure no sperm remain.

    Precautions for Home Collection

    If you’re collecting the sample at home, make sure to get it to the clinic within an hour of ejaculation. Keep it at room temperature—don’t refrigerate or expose it to sunlight, as extreme temperatures can affect the accuracy of the results.

    What Do the Results of a Semen Analysis Tell You?

    The semen analysis reveals crucial details about the quantity and quality of sperm. The results usually come back within a day, and normal ranges can vary between labs.

    • Semen Volume: A healthy sample should have between 2 to 5 milliliters of semen. Anything more or less could indicate a problem.
    • Liquefaction: A normal sample liquefies within 20-30 minutes after ejaculation. If it takes longer, it may point to an infection.
    • Sperm Count: The sperm count in a typical sample ranges from 20 to 100 million sperm per milliliter. After a vasectomy, there should be no sperm at all.
    • White Blood Cells/Bacteria: A normal sample is free from white blood cells or bacteria. Their presence may signal an infection.
    • pH Levels: Healthy semen has a pH between 7.1 and 8. Abnormal pH levels can impact sperm motility and function.
    • Sperm Shape: At least 30% of sperm should be of normal shape. Abnormal sperm might have multiple heads, tails, or no tail at all, making it difficult for them to fertilize an egg.
    • Sperm Motility: At least 50% of sperm should show forward movement within an hour of ejaculation. If they can’t swim toward the egg, conceiving might be a challenge.

    Understanding these results helps doctors pinpoint any issues and determine next steps, whether that’s further tests or treatments to improve fertility.

  • Can Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Occur in Men

    Can Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Occur in Men

    Can Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Happen in Men?

    Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that affects the reproductive organs in women, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It’s typically caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea. For women, PID can lead to severe lower abdominal pain, and if left untreated, it may result in complications like ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, or abscess formation.

    But here’s a burning question: Can men get PID? Let’s break it down.

    Is PID Possible in Men?

    No, men cannot develop pelvic inflammatory disease. Why? Because PID specifically involves the uterus and fallopian tubes—organs only found in women. The infection occurs when bacteria move from the vagina into the upper reproductive organs during sexual activity.

    That said, men aren’t entirely off the hook. They can still contract and spread STIs, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, which are caused by bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. While men won’t experience PID, they can develop related conditions such as urethritis, orchitis (testicle inflammation), or prostatitis (prostate inflammation).

    What If Your Partner Has PID?

    While men can’t get PID, they can play a role in its transmission. If your female partner is diagnosed with PID, it’s important to take precautions:

    • Hold off on sex: Wait at least two weeks after her treatment before engaging in any sexual activity (oral, vaginal, or anal).
    • Communicate: If your partner has PID, she should inform you. Men can unknowingly spread STIs to others, so it’s critical for both partners to get tested and treated.
    • Practice safe sex: Avoid unprotected sex with anyone who hasn’t been tested for STIs. Many infections, like chlamydia, can be symptom-free yet contagious.

    STIs in Men: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

    Both gonorrhea and chlamydia are bacterial STIs that can affect anyone, regardless of gender. Though caused by different bacteria, they often share similar symptoms—and some people may not have symptoms at all. If untreated, these infections can lead to complications like infertility or an increased risk of contracting HIV.

    Common Symptoms in Men:

    • Burning sensation when urinating
    • Green, yellow, or white discharge from the penis, anus, or urethra
    • Pelvic pain
    • Swelling or pain in the scrotum
    • Itching in the genital or anal area
    • Painful sexual intercourse

    How They Spread:
    These infections spread through unprotected anal, oral, or vaginal sex. Bacteria can enter through the thin, moist lining of the rectum, mouth, or vagina.

    Treatment:
    Both gonorrhea and chlamydia are treated with antibiotics. Even if symptoms improve within a few days, completing the prescribed course is essential to prevent reinfection or complications.

    Reducing Your Risk of STIs

    While men don’t have to worry about PID, there are plenty of other STIs to be mindful of. Here’s how you can lower your risk:

    1. Educate Yourself: Learn about STIs, how they spread, and the available treatments. Knowledge is power!
    2. Practice Abstinence: The most foolproof way to avoid STIs is to abstain from vaginal, oral, or anal sex.
    3. Get Vaccinated: Vaccines for infections like HPV and hepatitis B can significantly reduce your risk. Ideally, these should be taken before becoming sexually active. HPV vaccines are recommended for boys up to age 21 and girls up to age 26.
    4. Limit Partners: Stick to one monogamous partner who has been tested and is free of STIs.
    5. Use Condoms: Condoms are your frontline defense. Latex condoms are most effective, but if you’re allergic, synthetic options are available. Avoid natural membrane condoms, as they don’t offer complete STI protection.
    6. Get Tested Regularly: Stay informed about your STI status and ensure your partner does the same. If either of you tests positive, avoid sex until treatment is complete.

    The Bottom Line
    While men can’t get PID, they can still contract and spread STIs that lead to it in women. The key to prevention is education, communication, and safe practices. By staying informed and proactive, you can protect yourself and your partner from potential health risks.